Abstract: Compound extreme events are a new characteristic emerging under global warming, of which the combined impacts far exceed those of individual natural disasters, posing severe threats to socio-economic systems and ecological environments. With global warming, the synergistic effect between atmospheric moisture and temperature is intensifying, leading to a significant increase in the probability of compound heat-humidity extremes. This amplifies population exposure to hot and humid conditions and endangers human health. This paper aims to summarize and review recent domestic and international research on the mechanisms of change in compound heat-humidity extreme events over China and the influence of anthropogenic activities. It highlights the observed northward expansion of summer compound heat-humidity extremes in eastern China in recent years. It synthesizes the roles of intraseasonal oscillations, El Niño-Southern Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, Arctic sea ice, sea surface temperatures over the western Pacific and tropical Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation in modulating these events at multiple scales, and emphasizes the contribution of anthropogenic activities. Finally, the paper proposes several key directions for future research, including the integration of big data analytics and artificial intelligence to develop physically informed prediction models for compound heat-humidity extremes, thereby improving prediction accuracy.