Abstract: On the Tibetan Plateau, known as the "Asian Water Tower" and a climate-sensitive region, evapotranspiration (ET) is a key process of water and energy exchange between the land surface and the atmosphere, profoundly influencing basin water balance and regional climate patterns. Due to the complex topography and highly heterogeneous underlying surfaces of the plateau, accurate quantification of ET and its responses to climate change remain subject to significant uncertainties. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on ET over the Tibetan Plateau during the past three decades, summarizes the development of a multi-source estimation system integrating "ground-based observations, remote sensing retrievals, and land surface modeling," comprehensively analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of ET and its dominant driving factors, and synthesizes its feedback effects on the regional climate system. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Methodologically, the integration of multi-source data is essential to overcome the limitations of single approaches and to generate reliable, high-resolution ET products. (2) In magnitude, the multi-year average ET of 300~400 mm·yr⁻¹ has increased significantly at a rate of approximately 8.4 mm·(10 a)⁻¹, roughly double the global land average under global warming. (3) For climate feedbacks, the increased ET exerts a cooling effect on the land surface and enhances regional moisture recycling. Finally, the paper identifies current limitations in multi-layer stereoscopic observation, simulation of cryospheric-hydrological processes, and quantitative decoupling of ET-climate feedback mechanisms, and provides an outlook for future research directions.