近55年中国中东部八个高山站冰冻现象变化特征

Variation Characteristics of Freezing Phenomena at Eight High-altitude Stations in Central and Eastern China Over the Past 55 Years

  • 摘要: 利用1960—2015年中国八个高山站的观测数据,选取出现霜、积雪、雾凇或雨凇的天气现象日为冰冻现象日,统计分析近55 a八个高山站冰冻现象变化特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:(1)八个高山站平均冰冻现象持续时间明显不同,山东泰山、宁夏麻黄山、陕西华山、四川峨眉山等地的冰冻持续时间较长,而江西庐山、湖南衡山、安徽黄山、福建九仙山等地的冰冻持续时间相对较短。(2)八个高山站年冰冻现象日数普遍在减少,特别是陕西华山减少最为显著,福建九仙山和四川峨眉山的减少趋势也较为明显,其他站点减少趋势不显著,表明不同区域对气候变化的响应存在差异。(3)八个高山站气温均呈现上升趋势,与冰冻现象日数减少相呼应,其中宁夏麻黄山的气温上升最为显著,反映了该地区对气候变暖较敏感。(4)平均风速、相对湿度的变化未表现出与冰冻现象日数的显著相关性,表明风速和湿度可能不是影响冰冻现象日数变化的主要气象因素。(5)较低气温(0 ℃左右)、较高相对湿度和弱风速是冰冻现象易发生的共同气象条件,应在预测和应对冰冻现象时重点关注这些气象要素的变化。

     

    Abstract: Based on observation data from eight high-altitude stations in China from 1960 to 2015, freezing phenomenon days were identified by the occurrence of frost, snow cover, rime, or glaze. The variation characteristics of these phenomena and their response to climate change were statistically analyzed. The key findings are as follows: (1) Significant regional differences were observed in the mean duration of freezing phenomena. The freezing durations were longer at Mount Tai (Shandong), Mahuangshan (Ningxia), Mount Hua (Shaanxi), and Mount Emei (Sichuan), whereas shorter at Mount Lu (Jiangxi), Mount Heng (Hunan), Mount Huang (Anhui), and Jiuxianshan (Fujian). (2) The annual number of freezing phenomenon days at the eight stations generally exhibited a decreasing trend. The most significant decrease was observed at Mount Hua, followed by Jiuxianshan and Mount Emei. Trends at the other stations were not statistically significant, indicating regional differences in the response to climate change. (3) The temperature at eight stations showed an increasing trend, which corresponded with the reduction in freezing phenomenon days. The most significant warming was observed at Mahuangshan, reflecting a higher sensitivity to climate warming in this region. (4) Changes in average wind speed and relative humidity do not show a strong correlation with the number of freezing phenomenon days, suggesting that these factors may not be the primary drivers of freezing phenomena. (5) Low temperatures (around 0 ℃), high relative humidity, and weak winds are favorable for the occurrence of freezing phenomena. These key meteorological factors should be prioritized in the prediction and management of freezing events.

     

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