Abstract:
Based on observation data from eight high-altitude stations in China from 1960 to 2015, freezing phenomenon days were identified by the occurrence of frost, snow cover, rime, or glaze. The variation characteristics of these phenomena and their response to climate change were statistically analyzed. The key findings are as follows: (1) Significant regional differences were observed in the mean duration of freezing phenomena. The freezing durations were longer at Mount Tai (Shandong), Mahuangshan (Ningxia), Mount Hua (Shaanxi), and Mount Emei (Sichuan), whereas shorter at Mount Lu (Jiangxi), Mount Heng (Hunan), Mount Huang (Anhui), and Jiuxianshan (Fujian). (2) The annual number of freezing phenomenon days at the eight stations generally exhibited a decreasing trend. The most significant decrease was observed at Mount Hua, followed by Jiuxianshan and Mount Emei. Trends at the other stations were not statistically significant, indicating regional differences in the response to climate change. (3) The temperature at eight stations showed an increasing trend, which corresponded with the reduction in freezing phenomenon days. The most significant warming was observed at Mahuangshan, reflecting a higher sensitivity to climate warming in this region. (4) Changes in average wind speed and relative humidity do not show a strong correlation with the number of freezing phenomenon days, suggesting that these factors may not be the primary drivers of freezing phenomena. (5) Low temperatures (around 0 ℃), high relative humidity, and weak winds are favorable for the occurrence of freezing phenomena. These key meteorological factors should be prioritized in the prediction and management of freezing events.