More than half of the Tibetan Plateau is covered by the great mountain systems, therefore, the land-atmosphere mass and heat exchange processes over the plateau mountains are essentially important for the total heat and moisture balance over the whole Tibetan Plateau. Over the past 20 years, many comprehensive experiments have been carried out over the Himalayas, and the high spatial-temporal resolution of land-atmosphere exchange processes were obtained. Based on the above observational data, as well as the reanalysis data, we have systematically analyzed the local circulations and the related land-atmosphere mass and heat transfers over the plateau mountain regions. The inhomogeneous lower atmospheric processes has been analyzed, as well as their responses to evolutions of the South Asian summer monsoon. All the above observational results have also been applied to the construction of Sichuan-Tibet Railway, especially impacts of the extreme wind over the deep-cut canyons on the great bridges. Based on these studies, this paper summarizes the relevant advances in the meteorology of plateau mountains and outlines prospects for its future development trends.