Abstract: Based on FY-4A satellite data and hourly precipitation observation data from automatic stations, the distribution characteristics of short-duration heavy rainfall (SDHR) and its equivalent blackbody temperature (TBB) characteristics in Chengya Section of Sichuan–Tibet Railway from 2019 to 2021 were studied. The results showed that the occurrence frequency of SDHR decreased with the increase of rainfall intensity along Chengya Section of Sichuan–Tibet Railway, the distribution was “less in the north and more in the south”. and it occurred from April to October, mainly from July to September. The SDHR had obvious diurnal variation, and the high occurrence time was at night, mainly from 1:00 to 7:00 and from 22:00 to 23:00. The SDHR was significantly negatively correlated with TBB, negatively correlated with TBB gradient, and positively correlated with bright temperature difference. SDHR tended to occur in convective cloud clusters with low TBB, small gradient and large bright temperature difference. The appearance of SDHR was accompanied by the TBB falling to the lowest value, and with the TBB gradually rising, the SDHR ended. If SDHR had occurred and TBB continued to fall, then SDHR would continue. The longer the duration of SDHR, the stronger the convective cloud cluster. When SDHR occurred, the majority of the TBB and the minimum TBB values were recorded in the range 190~230 K, within this range, values between 190 and 200 K were most frequently recorded.