Abstract: By spatial and temporal characteristics analysis of short-time hard rain in south-west China Sichuan basin from year 1998 to 2013,results show that the short-time hard rain centers are ya'an city and e'mei city in this region. The strongest short-time hard rain year is 2008 and the most maximum numbers in month of the short-time hard rain is July and August,less in May and September,especially the heavy short-time hard rain in May and September is rare. From the daily change of the short-time hard rain,the most often appearance time is during 00~04 hour. The prediction model of short-time hard rain is founded by rain falling prediction region. By analysis of influence weather systems,the low-to-middle level wind fields are the good instructional signs to rain falling region of short-time hard rain. By analysis of the terrain in this region,the relationship between the short-time hard rain and the terrain is deeply concerned.