Abstract: Based on REOF and synthetic analysis methods, this paper analyzed the inter-annual change and space distribution character of minimum temperature in the southern China and its possible reasons in 1960 ~ 2005 (46 years) in January.The results are shown as follows: (1) The minimum temperature in the southern China can be divided into three regions, respectively, district A, B and C. District A mainly includes the provinces of Guangxi, Guizhou and Hunan, district B mainly includes the provinces of Hainan, Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang, district C mainly includes the provinces of Hubei, Henan and Anhui. The main influencing factors of these regions are different each other. The district A is mainly influenced by the warm flow from the east of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas. The district B is mainly influenced by the west Pacific subtropical high and the south-west flow. While the district C is mainly affected by the northern cold air.