Abstract: It is used the monthly precipitation data of more than one site in the Southwest from 1951 to 2008, with 17 floors height field, temperature and wind field data since 1948, and focused on the two levels of 200hPa and 700hPa to analyse the summer drought in the Southwest corresponding circulation anomalies characteristics, the results showed that: the circulation in the high latitudes of Europe and Asia (especially the change of height anomalies near the Ural Mountains and Lake Baikal) , the cyclonic circulation over the Southwest appeared and the anti-cyclonic circulation with the height field impact on the summer rainfall in the southwest of China.