Abstract: From Autumn 2009 to spring 2010, as a mountain area in southwest of Sichuan Province, Panzhihua represented an especially heavy drought which lasted from last autumn to this spring.It is an important component of southwest China's largest drought.By using continuous meteorological observation data from 1965 to 2010, according to the background of drought, meteorological drought index and the damage assessment regulation, it gives comprehensive analysis of this heavy drought's characteristics and causes.The result indicates the Characteristics and Causes of the drought.