融合遥感与大数据技术对四川盆地城市洪涝灾害时空动态监测与评估的应用

Application of Integrated Remote Sensing and Big Data Technologies for Spatiotemporal Monitoring and Assessment of Urban Flood Disasters in the Sichuan Basin

  • 摘要: 利用融合遥感技术(高分辨率卫星影像、多光谱与合成孔径雷达影像)与大数据分析技术(社交媒体情感分析、多源数据融合、机器学习建模),构建了一套四川盆地城市洪涝灾害时空动态监测与评估框架,并以2018年成都洪涝灾害等具体案例为研究对象,对此项技术的可行性进行验证。结果表明:(1)融合遥感技术的应用,实现了洪水边界精准识别、水文参数反演及淹没深度估算。(2)大数据分析技术的引入,一方面实现了社交媒体数据实时抓取,结合自然语言处理与情感分析,动态追踪灾情信息与受灾群众心理状态,优化救援策略;另一方面通过整合气象、交通、遥感等多源数据,构建灾情信息的时空动态监测预警模型,将灾害预测精准率提高了15%。(3)基于机器学习的灾害损失预测模型MAE低至0.08,自动化信息提取技术语义分割准确率达95%,实现了灾情快速评估与响应。(4)交互式可视化平台整合多源数据,推动多方协同救援,验证案例显示直接经济损失减少30%,灾后恢复时间缩短50%。

     

    Abstract: Using Integrated remote sensing technology (high-resolution satellite imagery, multi-spectral and synthetic aperture radar images) and big data analysis technology (social media sentiment analysis, multi-source data fusion, machine learning modeling), a set of spatial and temporal dynamic monitoring and evaluation framework for urban flood disasters in Sichuan Basin was constructed, and specific cases such as Chengdu flood disaster in 2018 were taken as research objects to verify the feasibility of the technology. The results show that: (1) The application of remote sensing technology has realized the accurate identification of flood boundary, hydrological parameter inversion and inundation depth estimation. (2) The introduction of big data analysis technology, on the one hand, realizes real-time capture of social media data. Combining natural language processing and sentiment analysis, the disaster information and the psychological state of the affected people are dynamically tracked, and the rescue strategy is optimzed. On the other hand, by integrating multi-source data such as meteorology, transportation and remote sensing, a spatio-temporal dynamic monitoring and early warning model of disaster information is constructed, which improves the accuracy of disaster prediction by 15%. (3) The Mean Absolute Error(MAE) of the disaster loss prediction model based on machine learning is as low as 0.08, and the semantic segmentation accuracy of automatic information extraction technology is 95%, which realizes the rapid assessment and response of disaster. (4) The interactive visualization platform integrates multi-source data and promotes multi-party collaborative rescue. The verification case shows that the direct economic loss is reduced by 30% and the recovery time is shortened by 50%.

     

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