Abstract: Automatic weather station is a type of equipment that can automatically collect and transmit meteorological observation data. It is mainly composed of precision electronic devices, with high integration and low voltage resistance. It is relatively sensitive and fragile. It is usually located in open areas in the wild, with no tall buildings around it, and is highly susceptible to lightning strikes. Therefore, it is significant to carry out lightning strike accident analysis of automatic weather stations, improve lightning defense measures of automatic weather stations, and ensure the normal collection and uploading of automatic weather stations. In this paper, the lightning accident site of Anyue National Basic Meteorological Station on September 3, 2021 is investigated and tested. Combined with the weather circulation situation, thunderstorm potential analysis, radar echo and lightning monitoring data, the causes of lightning strike are analyzed and the corresponding rectification schemes are put forward. The results show that the lightning strike event was caused by lightning induction caused by cloud lightning at 01:24 on September 3. The lightning protection device of the observation equipment was damaged by overvoltage (flow) due to non-standard and inadequate, resulting in the failure of the main and backup HY3000 data collector of the automatic weather station. It is imperative to carry out lightning disaster risk assessment on this station, design and construct according to the requirements of lightning protection specifications, take overall defense and layer-by-layer protection as the principle, regularly do daily maintenance and inspection and maintenance, find problems and solve them in time, and build a scientific and reasonable lightning protection system.