Abstract: Based on the daily precipitation data of meteorological stations, meteorological and geological disaster data, and the NCEP/NCAR monthly mean reanalysis dataset from 1991 to 2020, the relationship between the advancement of the East Asian summer monsoon and the evolution of meteorological and geological disasters such as flood, landslide and debris flow in China is studied by use of the observation analysis and diagnostic research. The results show that as the East Asian summer monsoon advances westward and northward, the southward wind and water vapor transport gradually strengthens and expands northward and westward. The monsoon carries a large amount of warm and humid water vapor northward, which has an important impact on precipitation in different regions. The position of China’s rain belts also moves westward and expands northward accordingly. And the high incidence areas of flood, landslide and debris flow disasters in China are closely related to the location of rain belts under different terrain conditions and the promotion process of the East Asian summer monsoon. With the westward and northward expansion of the summer monsoon, changes of rain belts location and the increase of precipitation intensity and frequency significantly affect the occurrence area and probability of flood, landslide and debris flow disasters. It reveals the large-scale spatiotemporal relationships between the evolution of the East Asian monsoon and flood, landslide and debris flow disasters under different terrains, and deepens the understanding of the multi-scale evolution characteristics and the impact mechanisms of meteorological and geological disasters.