Abstract: Based on the hourly observational datasets reported by 62 meteorological stations and hourly ERA5 reanalysis in Western Sichuan Plateau and Panxi region from May to September during 2010—2021, the characteristics of environmental parameters such as water vapor, thermodynamic variables and vertical wind shear were investigated and contrasted in the occurrence and development of short-duration heavy rain under different intensities. Results showed that the short-duration heavy rain mainly occurred from June to August. The high occurrence period was from afternoon to the first half of night in Western Sichuan Plateau, and the feature of night rain was obvious in Panxi region. The better water vapor and thermal conditions, stronger vertical wind shear and ascending motion were benefit for the higher intensity of short-duration heavy rain in Western Sichuan Plateau. The Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) of different levels of short-term heavy precipitation were significantly different, and 1100 J·kg⁻¹ could be the value to judge whether or not the rainfall reached 20 mm·h⁻¹. There were distinct differences in the distribute ranges of warm cloud level thickness, 700 hPa specific humidity and potential pseudo-equivalent temperature, CAPE and 0~3 km vertical wind shear in the short-duration heavy rain under different intensities in Panxi region. The rainfall exceeding 50 mm·h⁻¹ was caused easily when certain conditions were met, including the specific humidity at 700 hPa greater than 13 g·kg⁻¹, CAPE over 1100 J·kg⁻¹ and 0~3 km vertical wind shear attaining 10 m·s⁻¹.