云南两次非超级单体龙卷天气特征分析

Characteristics of Two Non-supercell Tornadoes in Yunnan

  • 摘要: 利用普洱和文山多普勒天气雷达资料以及FY-2G云图数据,结合NCEP再分析资料和天气实况,分别对2017年5月12日发生在勐海县和2021年5月31日发生在广南县的龙卷天气进行分析。结果表明:两次龙卷出现区域的地形均为平坦坝子,坝子周围为高山环绕,且在龙卷发生地附近均有水库。从地面图看,两次非超级单体龙卷均是上升气流遇到地面辐合线触发的涡旋所导致的,龙卷天气出现时温度降低且气压下降,垂直结构呈“干-湿-干”的分布特征,对流有效位能值分别为1676.3 J·kg−1、2074.2 J·kg−1,0~3 km垂直风切变最大为11.1 m/s,形成绝对不稳定的大气层结,具备发生龙卷的有利条件。从云图看,两次龙卷天气过程均由中尺度对流云团引发,龙卷发生区域云顶亮温梯度较大。从雷达图看,两次龙卷天气均表现出“低层辐合、高层辐散”的环流特征。

     

    Abstract: By using Doppler weather radar data of Pu’er and Wenshan, the FY-2G satellite cloud image data, combined with the NCEP reanalysis data and the live weather data, two tornado weather events happened on May 12, 2017 and May 31, 2021 in Menghai and Guangnan were analyzed. The results show that both tornadoes occurred in flat dam which were surrounded by high mountains, and reservoirs were also found nearby the place where tornado occurred. On the ground map, the vortex triggered by the updraft encountering the surface convergence line caused the two non-supercell tornadoes. When tornado weather occurred, the drop of air pressure was accompanied by the.decrease of temperature. On T-lnP diagram, the vertical humidity profile showed “Dry-Moist-Dry” structure, the CAPE for the two events were 1676.3 and 2074.2 J·kg−1 respectively, and the maximum vertical wind shear of 0~3 km was 11.1 m·s−1. Thus in the areas above Menghai and Guangnan, an absolutely unstable atmospheric stratification was formed, which further provided the favorable backgrounds for the formation of tornadoes. The satellite cloud images showed that the two tornado events were both triggered by mesoscale convective clusters, and the TBB gradient was large over the regions where the tornadoes were observed. Besides, the coupling of low-level cyclonic circulation and high-level divergence was observed during the two tornado events on the radar charts.

     

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