Abstract: Based on the information of geographical plantation for winter wheat in 97 counties and urban of Sichuan Province in 2019, and the meteorological data of 159 stations from 1980 to 2021, 13 factors that might have potential influence on the distribution of the winter wheat plantation are selected, considerring the distribution mechanism of plant species, the relationship between potential distribution of the winter wheat plantation and climatic factors is established by using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model. The results show that: The dominant climatic factors affecting the distribution of the winter wheat plantation are annual sunshine hours > mean temperature of the January > annual mean minimum temperature > annual precipitation > annual relative humidity. The suitable region of the winter wheat is mainly located within east of 99°E and 26~33°N. Under the background of future climate, the total suitable area of most cities and prefectures will not change significantly.