Abstract: By using the Tibetan Plateau Vortex & Shear-Line (PVSL) yearbook, the ground observation station data of the National Meteorological Information Centre and the ERA-Interim reanalysis data, the difference of summer plateau ground-air temperature between multi- and less- years of PVSL and its impact on precipitation in China are analyzed. The results show that: (1) The difference of summer plateau ground-air temperature has a significant impact on the occurrence and movement of the PVSL. In the areas of the PVSL frequent occurrence, the ground-air temperature difference in multi-year is obviously higher than that in less-year. (2) More precipitation occurs in the central, northeastern and southwestern parts of the Tibetan Plateau in western China in multi-yearmore precipitation, while more precipitation occurs in the southern and southeastern parts of the plateau in less-year. From the south to the north in eastern China, the difference of precipitation in multi- and less-years is shown as “+”, “−”, “+”, “−”, “+”. In other words, the precipitations in South China, the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, North China and Northeast China are more in multi-year, while the precipitations in the Jiangnan region and the Huang-Huaihe River Basin are more in less-year. (3) There are obvious differences in the tropospheric circulation system and corresponding vertical velocities and water-vapor transportation in summer of multi-year and less-year of PVSL, which affect the precipitation changes in the Tibetan Plateau and China. In the Tibetan Plateau area, the difference of circulation system between multi-year and less-year is affected by the wind field convergence (divergence) over the Eastern and Southern plateau as well as corresponding vertical velocity rise (sink) and water-vapor transportation convergence (divergence). In the eastern China, the difference is affected by the changes in the cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation system and its convergence ( divergence ) zone from the South China Sea to South China, the Yangtze River Basin, North China to Northeast China.