Abstract: Using the rime observation data of 8 observation stations in Guiyang from 1961 to 2019, and the 500 hPa height field data in the Northern Hemisphere, the global temperature field data and the Eurasian horizontal wind field data, the space-time distribution characteristics of freezing rain days and the relationships with the 500hPa height field in the Northern Hemisphere, sea surface temperature field and Eurasian horizontal wind field were analyzed with EOF, M-K, wavelet analysis and composite analysis methods. The results show that the average freezing rain days are 10.7d in Guiyang in recent 59 years, and increasing gradually from the southwest to the northeast, and the freezing days in the northeast of Kaiyang reach over 20 days. The variation trend of freezing days is highly consistent, and most of the abrupt changes occur in the late 1970s to 1980s. It occurs significant periodic change of 4-year-cycle during the period of 1980~1990 and 2005~2015. The resultant field of 500hPa height anomaly in strong freezing year shows a distribution of "high in the north, low in the south" in Eurasian continent. The field of strong and weak annual difference anomaly is "positive in the north, negative in the south" in Eurasian mid-high latitudes, and positive anomaly in the high latitudes of the northern Hemisphere, include Greenland, North America and Urals-Siberia. In a strong freezing year, the autumn SST anomaly of the equatorial Middle East Pacific is negative, which causes the strengthening of zonal circulation and the increase of water vapor exchange. The divergence in the upper layer and convergence in the lower layer as well as the formation of a low cold front in the northerly strong wind belt are favorable for the southwest moisture transporting to the northeast of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to meet with the cold air from the north.