Abstract: Using the daily data of highest and the average temperature from 1971 to 2013 and NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis data set, with wavelet analysis, Butterworth band-pass filtering, correlation analysis and synthetic analysis method, the low frequency oscillation of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and its influence on high temperature heat wave in the Yangtze river basin were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: in the summer of 2013, the highest and the average temperature of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river region are similar with the results based on wavelet analysis, there are two oscillation periods of 40~70d and 10~20d. The plateau monsoon has a significant 40~70d oscillation period, and the SAH over 200hPa is also dominated by a 40~70d oscillation period. In the low-frequency oscillation zone of 40~70d, when the Plateau monsoon is strong, the low-frequency cyclonic circulation system covers the Iranian Plateau, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at 600hPa. At 200hPa, when the SAH is strong, the plateau is dominated by a low-frequency anticyclone system. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are affected by the low-frequency system of the plateau and the East China Sea, and the rise of surface pressure may lead to the rise of temperature. The increase (decrease) of the low frequency component of the Plateau monsoon may lead to the increase (decrease) of the temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River with a lag of 20 days, and the increase (decrease) of the low frequency component of the South Asian High may lead to the increase (decrease) of the temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River with a lag of 13 days.